TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration)

What Is TESA?

TESA, or Testicular Sperm Aspiration, is a minimally invasive procedure designed to retrieve sperm directly from the testicles. This method is specifically used in cases where sperm are absent in the ejaculate or cannot be accessed through natural methods.

How Does the Testicle Produce Sperm?

To better understand how TESA works, it helps to know how sperm are created. Inside the testicles, a specialized process called spermatogenesis takes place:

1. Immature Germ Cells – These cells develop into mature sperm through division and maturation.
2. Leydig and Sertoli Cells – Leydig cells produce testosterone, while Sertoli cells nurture and protect developing sperm.
3. Storage and Maturation – Once mature, sperm are stored in the epididymis until ejaculation.

When blockages, low production, or other challenges make sperm unavailable in semen, the TESA procedure ensures direct access to viable sperm.

Why Is TESA Carried Out?

TESA is often paired with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), an advanced form of in vitro fertilization (IVF). By retrieving sperm directly from the testicle, it bypasses reproductive obstacles, providing a direct opportunity for fertilization.

Who Needs TESA?

TESA has become a vital treatment option for men with the following conditions:

1. Azoospermia

A condition where sperm are absent in semen:

• Obstructive Azoospermia – Caused by blockages in the reproductive tract.
• Non-Obstructive Azoospermia – The result of reduced or halted sperm production in the testes due to hormonal or genetic factors.

2. Severe Male Infertility

TESA is beneficial for men producing only a few or fragile sperm, as it allows for precise retrieval directly from the source.

3. Post-Vasectomy Fertility Solutions

TESA offers an alternative to vasectomy reversals, allowing sperm retrieval for use in assisted reproduction without undergoing complex surgery.

How to Prepare for TESA

Proper preparation can increase the likelihood of successful sperm retrieval. Here’s what you should expect:

Medical Evaluation

Before scheduling the procedure, you will undergo a thorough evaluation that includes:

• Hormonal Testing – To check testosterone, LH, and FSH levels.
• Semen Analysis – To confirm azoospermia or assess sperm quality.
• Imaging Tests – Ultrasounds may help detect structural issues or abnormalities.

Preparation Tips

• Refrain from smoking and alcohol consumption at least three weeks before the procedure, as they reduce sperm quality and impair healing.
• Avoid medications like aspirin or other blood thinners, which can increase procedure risks.
• Plan to wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing and arrange for someone to accompany you to the clinic.

What to Expect During TESA

The TESA procedure is quick and straightforward. Here’s a breakdown of the process:

1. Local Anesthesia – The scrotal area is numbed to ensure you remain pain-free during the procedure.
2. Needle Aspiration – A fine needle is used to extract a small sample of tissue or fluid directly from the testicle.
3. Laboratory Analysis – Embryologists process the collected sample to isolate healthy sperm for use in reproductive procedures.

Since TESA takes only 20–30 minutes and is performed on an outpatient basis, you can return home shortly after.

Benefits of TESA

TESA is a game-changer in male fertility treatment, offering several significant advantages:

1. Minimally Invasive Procedure
   Unlike open surgeries, TESA involves a needle-based approach, reducing recovery time and discomfort.
2. A Pathway for Severe Infertility
   TESA provides hope to men who may have thought biological fatherhood was impossible.
3. Integrated with Advanced Treatments
   The combination of TESA with ICSI ensures even a small amount of viable sperm can result in successful fertilization.
4. Quick Recovery Time
   Patients resume normal activities within 1–2 days, making it convenient even for those with busy schedules

Risks of TESA

While TESA is generally safe, minor risks include:

• Swelling and Bruising – Temporary discomfort may occur at the site of the needle insertion.
• Rare Infection – Following postoperative care instructions minimizes this risk.
• Mild Pain – Over-the-counter medication usually helps manage any soreness.

Our expert team at Mamata Fertility Hospital ensures that risks are minimized with state-of-the-art procedures and personalized care.

Recovery and Post-Op Care

The recovery process is smooth and quick but requires some care to ensure your comfort:

1. Immediate Aftercare
• Rest for the first 24 hours.
• Apply ice packs to reduce swelling and wear supportive undergarments.
2. Long-Term Precautions
• Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities for 1–2 weeks.
• Maintain scrotal hygiene to prevent infections.

You’ll have a follow-up appointment to discuss results and plan future fertility treatments.

Success Rates of TESA

TESA’s success largely depends on the underlying cause of infertility:

• Obstructive Azoospermia – High sperm retrieval rates, up to 90%.
• Non-Obstructive Azoospermia – More variable success rates (30–50%), depending on individual factors like sperm production capability.

Even small amounts of viable sperm can be highly effective when paired with ICSI, significantly increasing the chances of conception.

Cost of TESA in Secunderabad and Hyderabad

The cost of TESA in Secunderabad and Hyderabad varies based on the clinic and the additional treatments required.

• Average Cost: ₹25,000–₹50,000 for the procedure alone.
• Costs rise when combined with advanced procedures like ICSI or IVF.

At Mamata Fertility Hospital, we’re committed to providing affordable and transparent pricing to make fertility treatment accessible to everyone.

FAQs

1. Is TESA Painful?

TESA is a painless procedure thanks to local anesthesia. Some mild soreness after the procedure is normal and temporary.

2. Can TESA Be Repeated?

Yes, TESA can be repeated if needed. If retrieval fails, alternative options can be discussed.

3. How Soon Can I Return to Work?

Most men return to work within 1–2 days unless they have physically demanding jobs.

4. How Is Retrieved Sperm Used?

Sperm is used immediately during ICSI or frozen and stored for future IVF cycles.

5. Can TESA Treat All Male Infertility Cases?

While TESA is highly effective for certain conditions like obstructive azoospermia, eligibility depends on individual evaluations.

WHAT PATIENTS EXPERIENCE AT MAMATA FERTILITY?

“I had an excellent first visit to Mamata Hospitals, where I met Dr. Mamata madam and Dr. Arti. Madam and Dr cheatn The process was systematic, instilling confidence that my issues will be effectively addressed. The staff and doctors were incredibly friendly and supportive, making me feel at ease. Their professionalism and warmth have given me great confidence in their care. I look forward to sharing more about my journey in detail.”

Vishu S.N

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At Mamata Fertility Hospital in Secunderabad, we use cutting-edge techniques like TESA to make biological parenthood possible for men facing infertility challenges. Our compassionate team works closely with patients to provide personalized, comprehensive care every step of the way. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and take the next step toward your dream of starting a family!